Cracked, Chipped or Broken Tooth? Here’s What You Need to Know

Accidentally cracking, chipping, or breaking a tooth can catch you off guard, but don’t stress—it happens more often than you might think. Whether you’ve bitten down on something too hard, taken a tumble, or had a random mishap, knowing what to do next can make all the difference in saving your smile.

In this post, we’ll walk you through the most common reasons teeth get damaged, the do’s and don’ts for handling a dental emergency, and how your dentist can quickly and effectively repair the damage. By the end, you’ll feel confident, knowing exactly what steps to take if it happens to you or someone close to you.

Common Causes of Tooth Chips, Cracks, and Breaks

Biting Down on Hard Foods

We’ve all been there—you’re enjoying a snack, and suddenly, you bite into something unexpectedly hard. Whether it’s ice, a rogue popcorn kernel, or a hard lolly, it only takes a second for your tooth to chip or crack. Even a hard knock on a glass or metal water bottle can cause issues. While teeth are incredibly strong, they’re not invincible. Hard foods can put too much pressure on your enamel, causing small chips or cracks that may not be noticeable right away but can become a bigger problem later.

Trauma or Injury

Life happens, and so do accidents. Whether it’s falling off a bike, taking a hit during sports, or any unexpected blow to the face, trauma can quickly lead to a cracked or broken tooth. Athletes, especially those in contact sports, are at higher risk of tooth injuries if they aren’t wearing a mouthguard. The incisors are usually affected due to being at the front of the mouth. Children are especially at risk as they are more active and can easily fall while playing or running around. A simple fall can lead to a dental emergency, so it’s important to be cautious and protect your smile whenever possible.

Weakened Teeth from Decay

Teeth that are weakened by decay or untreated cavities are more vulnerable to damage. If decay goes unchecked, it erodes the tooth’s structure, making it easier for it to chip or break—even from something as simple as chewing. Regular dental check-ups are essential for catching decay early and preventing the need for more extensive repairs later on.

Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)

If you’re someone who grinds their teeth, especially at night, you may be causing more harm than you realise. Over time, grinding can wear down your tooth enamel, the protective outer layer of your teeth, making them more prone to cracks and chips. You may not even notice you’re doing it, but waking up with a sore jaw or tooth sensitivity can be a sign. Wearing a night guard can help protect your teeth while you sleep.

Large Fillings or Previous Dental Work

Teeth with large fillings or that have undergone significant dental work can be more fragile. While the treatment restores the tooth, the natural structure is often reduced, making the tooth more susceptible to breakage under pressure. Biting down on hard objects or just everyday wear and tear can take its toll on these teeth, making them more likely to chip or crack.

What Do Cracked, Chipped, and Broken Teeth Look and Feel Like?

Recognising the signs of a damaged tooth can be really helpful, especially if you’re feeling mild discomfort. Let’s break down how to identify whether your tooth might be cracked, chipped, or broken:

Cracked Teeth

What They Look Like:
Cracks can be tricky to spot, particularly if they’re small. You might see faint lines, sometimes called “craze lines,” across the tooth or a vertical crack that could extend below the gumline. They might not be obvious right away, so keep an eye out!

What They Feel Like:
If you have a cracked tooth, you might notice some pain when chewing—especially when you bite down or release pressure. Hot or cold foods can also trigger that sharp sensitivity. Sometimes, the pain isn’t immediate, so it’s best not to ignore it, as cracks can worsen over time if left untreated.

Chipped Teeth

What They Look Like:
Chipped teeth usually have a jagged or uneven edge where a small piece of enamel has broken off. These chips are often visible, especially on front teeth, which can make them more noticeable when you smile.

What They Feel Like:
A chipped tooth might not hurt right away unless the chip is close to the nerve. You could feel a sharp edge with your tongue, which might irritate your lips or cheeks, making it a bit uncomfortable.

Broken Teeth

What They Look Like:
When a tooth is broken, it’s typically more dramatic than just a chip. You may notice a larger portion of the tooth missing, and the break could expose the inner layers, which may look darker or feel more sensitive compared to the other teeth.

What They Feel Like:
Broken teeth often come with more intense pain, especially if the break has exposed the tooth’s nerve. You might feel significant sensitivity to temperature, and chewing could be quite painful. In some cases, you might even notice bleeding or that the broken area feels loose.

Key Differences in How They Feel

• Cracks often lead to discomfort when chewing or when your tooth is exposed to extreme temperatures.
• Chips can feel rough but usually don’t hurt unless they’re deep or close to the nerve.
• Breaks tend to be more painful, causing sharp sensitivity and discomfort—and they may even bleed.

Do’s and Don’ts After a Tooth Chips, Cracks or Breaks

When your tooth gets damaged, acting quickly and wisely can make all the difference in keeping your smile healthy. Here’s a handy guide on what you should and shouldn’t do to help protect your tooth:

Do’s:

Rinse Your Mouth with Warm Water
First things first! Cleaning the area is essential to remove any debris and help prevent infection. Rinsing with warm water is gentle and soothing, making it a great way to start. If you have salt on hand, you can mix a little in for an extra cleansing boost.

Apply a Cold Compress
If you’re experiencing swelling or pain, holding a cold compress against your cheek near the affected area can be a game changer. This can help reduce swelling and provide some relief from discomfort. Just remember to wrap the compress in a cloth to protect your skin!

Save Any Tooth Fragments

• When you find the broken piece, be gentle! Avoid touching the fragment too much, as this can introduce bacteria or cause further damage. Pick it up by the edges rather than the broken surfaces to minimise handling.

• If the tooth fragment is dirty, gently rinse it under cool running water. Be careful not to scrub hard, as it can harm the delicate structure of the tooth.
• Place it in a clean container with milk or a saline solution (like the one used for contact lenses). The calcium in milk helps preserve the tooth’s structure, while saline keeps it moist. If you don’t have either on hand, clean water is the next best option.
• Store the fragment in a clean, sealed container. This could be a small plastic or glass container with a lid. Avoid using tissues or cloths, as they can stick to the tooth and make it difficult for your dentist to handle.
• It’s crucial to keep the fragment moist during transport. Don’t let it dry out, as this can decrease the chances of successful reattachment. Ensure that there’s enough liquid in the container to cover the fragment without submerging it completely.
• Time is of the essence! Try to see your dentist as soon as possible—ideally within 30 minutes to an hour after the incident. The sooner you can get the tooth fragment to your dentist, the better the chances of a successful reattachment. Call ahead to let them know you’re coming, so they can prepare for your visit.